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Celadon.
A translucent grey-green to grey-blue glaze, used on stoneware and porcelain.
The colour is due to iron oxide in the glaze, which is affected by a “reduced” firing. That is, the flames are starved of oxygen, and so take it from the glaze.
Celadon glazes originated in China, during the Yue dynasty, developing to artistic maturity during the Sung dynasty.
They have had a strong following ever since.
Copper-red.
Copper oxide in the glaze is modified by the reduced firing, losing its oxygen, to produce colloidal copper. The amount of copper oxide used is tiny, only about 0.5%.
This gives shades from purple through to a full-bodied red. These are sometimes known as sang-de-boeuf, or flambé
Sung Dynasty.
The Sung (or Song) Dynasty, mid-10th to mid-12th centuries, when important technical advances were made.
This period produced the most wonderful Chinese pottery, reaching a peak of simple beauty.
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